Method of rolling steel.



F. N. SPELLER.

METHOD or ROLLING STEEL.

Patented oct. 24, 1911.

2 SHEETS-'BERRY 1.

Tv A. MUR

l .i \WH I M Uu 1w. f. a L M17 W a f SPELLER.

METHOD 0F BLLING STEEL.

APPLmATLoN HLED MAY 29,1906.

Patented 001;. 24, 1911 2 SHEBTB-SHBET zA QNX @dumm WITNEBBIB dome pitted under` unfayorle conditions.`

UNTED szrnrns rATENT OFFICE.

FRANK N. SPELLER, `0F MOKEESPORT, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 NATIONAL TUBE UOMRANY, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION Usl NEW JERSEY.

METHOD 0F ROLLING STEEL.

Specification of Letters Patent Patented Oct. 24, 1911.

i Applieation led May 2B, 1806. Serial No. Slg.

To allV whom 'it may concern:

@Be it known that I, Frmrurl.` Srnnmn, of M cKeesport, Alleghenyoount-y, Pennsylv ania, halve invented a new and' usci-ul Method o Rolling Steel, of which the fol lowing is aA full, clear, and exact description, referenoegbeing had to the accompanying drawing?, forming part of this specification, in wm i i Figure 1 is a lanview showing the surf aoe of n metal loom or blank Vdurilrig; the use of `my invention; Fi 2 'is a cross-section on the llnefII--Ifof ig. 1; Figs. 3, 4, 5 und 6 are croiss-sections similar to Fig. 2 Showing the metal in successive asses; Fig. 7 is a. orose-seoti0n of -skelp s owing the eharaei'erof the'plate which can be formed by my processgend Fig. 8 is an enlarged view showing. the wedge action of the prefelredffor'm of'projections.

My {iii-Mention relates to` therolling of steel,` and is prtiulerly useful in the. manufacture-"o fsteelfplltesgnsed in the manufacture of Welddpi fs. It is a- "wellknown fact that irv'eld'edap pes will corrode and be The obiect: ofi-"Amy nventi is to reduce this liability tooorrosion an pitting, and to improve., thez surface porti ln of the steel plate, aedfthepipe, Where my process is used' inuehrxunnufotme.

The .mman :is broadly aI 'rollingv of blgnks, plates, fnishedgsiieelgproduets; `although it Ais of es figliaii. 'l te ejnpipema'nufacture.

,hnviedsg or both.,l sigglipes 'ofthe steel-blank or-nrticle during this `pylilling- Wedge-shelxj-fd` projec-l tions .on 4th' roll or vrolls act-ing throughout the siixfe" to be treated, and then Vflettenw in theo terportion so treated is `improved in nali Y `b'ei'r'igjdensied and rendered less i y eotrqson. vI attribute this qual- .yvedpi'gfaction of the roll projectiene, and. 't'e rollingin or retaining of t0 a, greater portion of the scale or oxid than ,folfmerly3 n butV `Whiltever A, the exact action may -theresultlis ,that the outer or sur? faeeport'onisirnproved being in fact made ily homogeneous: and the product of thejruill' isrendered more urfonn in char- In carrying out `my invention in the manufacture of steel plates for making welded pipe, the rolls by which the slab or billet Vis wedge surfaces are punible ,to "the apes, or any 1 vfgd-that by breaking up one reduced, ure not formed with substantiullv smooth faces as heretofore, but one or both of them is provided with a series of angled wedges which form wedge-shaped indentations as indicated at 2, 2 in the blank 3, shown in Fig. 1. The indentotionsI are sufficiently close so that they break up and Eiga-te or substantially the entire portion to treated; butas shown e small edge por# tion 3 is preferably left at the opposite edges of the rolls, to prevent spelling of the roll or rolls. 4

Ordinary rolls which have substantially smooth surfaces do' more work lengthwise than crosswise on the plate, except Where the rolls are so wide that 'the piece may be turned around end rolled in various positions as in a plate millz In my rollsthe preferably so placed as to si'zquse the metal to be worked sidewise, thcxeby' closing up' seams and other breaks in the surface portion, rendering the same the plate may be passed through a two-high mill, one of whose rolls is so shaped; and the lpla-te .may then be pasted through ani other. two-high mill in which thexot'heg' face of the p ate 'is so treated; or the platev "millin which the middle roll is provided with the wedges. After thus treating olie or both faoesof the plete, the plate then be rolled out in the ordinary manner `to Hatten it, and the operation isrepoe d tryo4 or more times until the metal 4sur ace becomes plain or nearly so'. I prefer,y owever, after lthe rstwedge action to her breakup the surface by changing the" "ape -or' otherwise altering the projeowv s or broken surface. For this pu Se, pret erebly use further rolls in whic Vdepressi ns are .formed in' the a'ploes o the w ge ridges. Ifmay thus increase the number of uniformly compact and better ineverywoy.

the plate. If the suocessive rethod is used",

indentetions and reduce their original eine,

rework substantially the entire face of the may be" passed. through `the top and4 bottom passes `suoee'ssively yo-'a three-high I theflhrcc-high mill or l may otherwise change the shape, size or number of the. indentations which were previonslj` formed. If this second indenting or breaking up is employed italso may-be applied to one. or both faces and one ,riboth surfaces may be indented at a time.

In the drawings, where I have shown the manufacture of skelp according to my invention, starting for example, with a bloom {ii} inches in thickness, this would be passed between the middle and lower roll of a three-high mill having the middle roll provided with tbc projections or indentations. This would result; in the blank 3 of Fig. 2, which for example vis reduced to 2ginches in thickness. In this instance I have used depressions about l inch deep, withangles of about 90 degrees betweentheir o positc sides. The indentntions are pre erably lJlltnted so as t0 present no sharp corners. Thus the hot-toms of the valleys or indentations are preferably about i. of an inch wide, the tops of the projections being;r about thc same width. In the next pass thc metal is fed between the middle and upperi'olls of and may be reduced to about l2 inches in thickness, as shown at 4 in Fig. 3. In this pass thc depressions in the upper tace are nearly removed wbibI dcpressions corresponding to those of the upper face are. formed in the lower face. ln

thc third iass'of Fig. 4, the metal piece ."i

1?, inches in thickness` the may here( need to in the. second pass on indcntations formed the lower face boing removed Aor substan-v tially removed, while 'indeptations smaller than those first formed arQl'made in the upper face. ln this case the depressions are about .1, inch deep, and the angle. between the opposite sides 0f the depressions is about 00 degrees, thc corners bein bluntcd as before. In the next or fourt pass through this second three-high mill, the. metal piece (i lshown in Fig. 5, may be reduced to the form of Fig. G, the upper depressions of the third pass being removed while'corresponding depressions are formed in tbelnwcr t' ace. In the fifth pass of Fig. (i, the metal piece. 'i may bc reduced to .lf of an inch thick. and ilon'lA this point the skelp may be rolled in the ordinaryl manner with plain-faced rolls.

The blank is rolled as a single blank throu hout the rolling operations, as distinguished from what is known as pack rolling.

As indicated by the enlarged :showingr ot' Fig. B, the projections 9 on the roll 10 are of .wedge shape provided with inclined or curved 'sides 1l. These inclined substantially parallel faces ofthe projections bring pressure to bear upon the metal ifi the directions indicated by the arrows in Fig. 8. 'lheythns increase tho work done on the considerable amount., making the plate 'to a.r surface more uniform and' dense. The honzontal components of the forces act upon the metal caught between the projections, and the' metal is squeezed into the s )ace between them as the full draft of the rolls is brought to bear. Thcscfa'edge-shape projections of a substantial depth compared to the thickness of. the blan areimportant in obtaining m V"im roved result. I preferably indcntt "e2 ro ls,as deeply as possible within certain practical limits. Their depth will of course be limited by structural considerations as to weakness of the roll, and also by ability to remore the marks by smooth rolls in the after-treatment.

The treatment to which the metal blank is subjected modifies the outer or .surface portion, so that when the original blank is of soft or open structure, if the edge of the tinishcd late be etched. it will show a well dcfinet innd substantial outer layer or layers a of `denser and more resistant substance than the inner or body portion D. This I illustrate in Fig. 7. V

In rolling plates for skelp, the indenting' ueticnlmust be stopped at such :i thickness, that the plate will have an even or comincecially finished surface. `.\l v platesT however, may beiuade .slight Iy rougher thu n the ordinaryrolled plates by continuing the i-ndentinga'ction and confining the use of ordinary smooth rolls to one or two o't' the finishn passes.

he breaking-up of the` surface or surfaces by wedgingfl and then lsmoothing. changes the lstructure of the outer portion nl' the metal and impl-mcs it. ln slabs 'or plates of ordinair;I thiclt'nrss. l may use indentations on both sides. each indentation beinga proxilnatelj` unc-eighth or more of the tbn-mess of the blank` so that the com bined depths of the iinlentations on both sides are practically 2h per cent. or more of the thickness of the blank.

.'lbe advantages of my invention will be ap n'ccitited by those skilled in the art.. Not on y 'do the plates or articles better resist corrosion, but"` their outer portion is also made of higher qualitv tor nianv other purt I poses. AtY the same time the cost of rolling,r is increased very little` if any, since no additional passes are ordinarily required, and thc only added cost, is that of shaping the roll or rollsthnving the surface which forms the indentatiol s.

The method is broadly applicable to the l character, and many other variations may be rnadelwit-houtf departing from my invention. 5

I claim: t 1. The method of treating metal which consists in subjecting a. heated blank to the notion of die elements, thereby forming on the blank adjacent'projecting portions, and then compressing the projecting,r ortions into a skin having a surface para] el with the general surface of the blank by applying pressure simultaneously and equally to a plurality of said projecting portions without rehcatino' 'and while the body of the metal is stil hot, said )rojectin portions beingof such height, sume an distance apart that the particles o the projections under fessure will spread laterally and mutual y crowd the particles of the adjoining ones, substantially as described.

2. The method of treatinr metal which consists in takin a hot metal blank having a plurality of c osely arranged projections thereon, compressing said projeetlons into a skin having a surface para lel with the eneral surface of tht` blank by applyin r rol ing pressure simultaneot\s lyand cqualbly to a plurality of adjoining projections, the projections beinof such height, shape and disF tance apart t at the particles of the projections under pressure Will Spread lat-erall and mutually crowd the particles of the a joining ones, substantially as delbd 'Ifiel @the lillanlt while the b d 'of the rne'tafis still hot by applying roll ng pre# sure simultaneously and equally to a plu' rality of the projections, lthe pro`ect1ons being of such height sha c and istanoe apart that the partie es o' the projections under pressure will spread lateral y and Inutually lcrowd the particles of the adjoining ones, substantiall as described.

4. 'lhc metho of treating metal which consists in die-forming on a hot lastic 'metal blank a plurality of wedge-s aped height and of such proximity that Whencompressed into para elism with the general surface *ofthe .blank a continuous compression of the skin will be produced, and then before the chillin effect disappears and while the body of t ie metal is hot, re ducing the arca of this skin by compressing ythe projections into paral-lellsm with the general surface of the blank.

" ffIn testinrony whereof, I have hereunto set f l d; my um FRANK N. SPELLER Witnesses:

N. M. GRIFFIN, H. M.,CoRw1N. 

